Table 1.
Characteristics of 430 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with and without endocarditis.
| Bacteremia with endocarditis | Bacteremia without endocarditis | Total | ||||
| Characteristic | (n = 74) | (n = 356) | (n = 430) | OR | 95% CI | P |
| Age, mean years ± SD | 55 ± 22 | 59 ± 17 | 58 ± 18 | - | - | 0.26 |
| Male sex | 47 (64) | 221 (62) | 268 (62) | 1.06 | 0.63–1.79 | 0.82 |
| Hospital-acquired | 34 (46) | 198 (56) | 232 (54) | 0.68 | 0.41–1.12 | 0.13 |
| Previous skin disease or wound | 34 (46) | 189 (53) | 223 (52) | 0.75 | 0.45–1.24 | 0.26 |
| Previous surgerya | 18 (24) | 77 (22) | 95 (22) | 1.17 | 0.65–2.10 | 0.61 |
| Trauma in prior 2 months | 12 (16) | 98 (28) | 110 (26) | 0.51 | 0.26–0.99 | 0.04 |
| Central intravenous catheter | 10 (14) | 48 (14) | 58 (14) | 1.00 | 0.48–2.09 | 0.99 |
| Hemodialysis | 6 (8) | 38 (11) | 44 (10) | 0.74 | 0.30–1.82 | 0.51 |
| Previous S. aureus deep infection | 3 (4) | 28 (8) | 31 (7) | 0.50 | 0.15–1.67 | 0.33 |
| Previous S. aureus bacteremia | 2 (3) | 15 (4) | 17 (4) | 0.63 | 0.14–2.82 | 0.75 |
| Predisposing heart condition | 47 (64) | 63 (18) | 110 (26) | 8.10 | 4.69–13.98 | <0.001 |
| Degenerative heart disease | 22 (30) | 32 (9) | 54 (13) | 4.28 | 2.31–7.94 | <0.001 |
| Injection drug use | 20 (27) | 24 (7) | 44 (10) | 5.12 | 2.65–9.91 | <0.001 |
| Prosthetic valve | 17 (23) | 1 (0.3) | 18 (4) | 105.88 | 13.82–811.08 | <0.001 |
| Prior endocarditis | 11 (15) | 0 (0) | 11 (3) | - | - | <0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease | 5 (7) | 5 (1) | 10 (2) | 5.09 | 1.43–18.05 | 0.02 |
| Mitral valve prolapse | 2 (3) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) | 4.92 | 0.68–35.48 | 0.14 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | 2 (3) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1) | 9.86 | 0.88–110.21 | 0.08 |
| Coronary artery disease | 21 (28) | 89 (25) | 110 (26) | 1.19 | 0.68–2.08 | 0.54 |
| Corticosteroid use ≥ 1 month | 8 (11) | 37 (10) | 45 (11) | 1.05 | 0.47–2.35 | 0.92 |
| Immunosuppressive therapyb | 3 (4) | 26 (7) | 29 (7) | 0.54 | 0.16–1.82 | 0.45 |
| Diabetes | 19 (26) | 89 (25) | 108 (25) | 1.04 | 0.58–1.84 | 0.90 |
| Alcoholism | 4 (5) | 44 (12) | 48 (11) | 0.41 | 0.14–1.17 | 0.10 |
| Liver disease | 24 (32) | 43 (12) | 67 (16) | 3.49 | 1.95–6.25 | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 9 (12) | 54 (15) | 63 (15) | 0.77 | 0.36–1.65 | 0.51 |
| Chronic renal failure | 8 (11) | 52 (15) | 60 (14) | 0.71 | 0.32–1.56 | 0.39 |
| HIV positive | 3 (4) | 5 (1) | 8 (2) | 2.97 | 0.69–12.70 | 0.14 |
NOTE. Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated.
a Includes cardiac and non-cardiac surgery during 3 months preceding the positive blood culture.
b During 6 months preceding the positive blood culture.