Figure 1.

The five Scrophulariaceae species used in this study with exserted embryo sacs. Flowers (A, D, G, J, and M), ovules (B, E, H, K, and N), and exserted embryo sacs (C, F, I, L, and O) of T. fournieri (A–C), T. baillonii (D–F), T. concolor (G–I), L. crustacea (J–L), and L. micrantha (M–O) are shown. Arrowheads indicate an exserted embryo sac. Bars in A, D, G, J, and M indicate 1 cm; the bar in B indicates 100 μm for B, E, H, K, and N; and the bar in C indicates 30 μm for C, F, I, L, and O.