Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics for all Study Variables by Participant Status

	Participantsa			Nonparticipants
Covariatesb	M	SD	%	M	SD	%
SES: Profession upon entry**
Farmer			64.7			43.9
Professional			10.3			10.1
Artisan			15.0			20.9
Service			2.9			5.5
Laborer			6.7			18.9
Unproductive			0.2			0.5
Total			100.0			100.0 (n=17,633)
Age at death (years)***	72.5	10.13		37.1	18.6	(n=8,623)
Categorical Age at death**
9–49 years			1.7			78.0
50–64 years			20.1			9.6
65–74 years			32.9			5.9
75–104 years			45.2			6.5
Total			100.0			100.0 (n=8,623)
Year of Enlistment***
1860–1861			62.3			58.1
1862–1865			37.7			42.0
Total			100.0			100.0 (n=17,978)

	Participantsa			Nonparticipants
Exposure Variables	M	SD	%	M	SD	%
Age at enlistment (years)**	23.6	7.3		25.1	8.1	(n=17,978)
Categorical Age at enlistment***
9–17 years			20.1			15.7
18–20 years			24.6			22.0
21–25 years			22.7			24.6
25–30 years			14.8			14.5
31 years & older			17.7			23.3
Total			100.0			100.0 (n=17, 978)
Company Killed (percent)***	9.8	6.7		10.3	6.9	(n=18,027)
Quartiles of Company Killed**
0 – 4.16%			25.5			23.6
4.17% – 9.19%			25.0			23.9
9.20% – 14.10%			24.7			25.0
14.20% – 30.96%			24.9			27.4
Total			100.0			100.0 (n=18,027)
Length of Service (months)**	26.2	18.5		27.4	15.2	(n=17,828)
% POW**			8.7			9.5 (n=18,027)
% Wounded** *			33.2			20.0 (n=18,027)

	Participantsa			Nonparticipants
Health Outcomes	M	SD	%	M	SD	%
Postwar Lifetime Signs of Disease
No Disease			15.0
Signs of Physical Disease
GI ailments only			5.79
Cardiac ailments only			18.0
Cardiac and GI ailments			17.4
Signs of Mental Disease
Nervous ailments only			5.1
Co-Morbid Physical and Mental Ailments			38.8
Number of Unique Ailmentsc	Median		Min	Max
	4.3		0	28

Note: M=Mean; SD=Standard Deviation; Percent (%) = column percent

^*p<.05;

^**p<.01;

^***p<.001

^an= 15,027; the number of nonparticipants with data is indicated for each variable.

^bChi Square analyses conducted on dichotomous and categorical variables; unpaired t-test performed on age at enlistment, age at death, length of service, and percentage of company killed. Effect size estimates ranged from .0013%–.6880% for the Point Biserial² correlations and ranged from .0002%–.0569% for the Phi² Coefficients.

^cThe total number of unique cardiac, GI, and nervous ailments that a veteran was diagnosed with over his post-war lifetime.