TABLE 1—
Demographic Characteristics of Patients Treated for Substance Abuse Problems: New Jersey Substance Abuse Treatment Systems, 1994–1997
| Co-Occurring Disorder, No. (%) | Substance Abuse Only, No. (%) | |
| All | 47 379 (100.0) | 83 225 (100.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 24 547 (52.0) | 41 965 (50.6) |
| African American | 16 228 (34.4) | 28 773 (34.7) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5 871 (12.4) | 10.961 (13.2) |
| Others | 577 (1.2) | 1 262 (1.5) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 15 722 (33.2) | 20 531 (24.7) |
| Male | 31 657 (66.8) | 62 694 (75.3) |
| Age, ya | ||
| 18–34 | 27 057 (57.2) | 44 964 (54.0) |
| 35–44 | 14 790 (31.2) | 25 916 (31.1) |
| 45–54 | 4 258 (9.0) | 8 790 (10.6) |
| ≥55 | 1 274 (2.7) | 3 555 (4.3) |
| Homeless status | ||
| Yes | 383 (0.9) | 394 (0.5) |
| No | 44 074 (99.1) | 82 831 (99.5) |
| Employment status | ||
| Unemployed | 18 846 (39.9) | 27 820 (33.6) |
| Employed/not in force | 28 376 (60.1) | 55 081 (66.4) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 16 142 (34.1) | 27 243 (32.7) |
| High school or GED | 21 993 (46.4) | 39 045 (46.9) |
| More than high school | 9 244 (19.5) | 16 937 (20.4) |
| Annual household incomeb | ||
| Poor | 41 768 (88.2) | 69 065 (83.0) |
| Low income | 2 768 (5.8) | 6 662 (8.0) |
| Middle income | 2 210 (4.7) | 5 767 (6.9) |
| High income | 633 (1.3) | 1 731 (2.1) |
| Reimbursement source | ||
| Medicaid/Medicare | 7 423 (18.0) | 7 724 (10.4) |
| Private | 6 574 (15.9) | 13 216 (17.8) |
| Self-pay | 7 818 (19.0) | 18 292 (24.7) |
| Nonec | 19 424 (47.1) | 34 910 (47.1) |
| Referred source | ||
| Self/family/friend | 23 694 (50.2) | 32 586 (39.3) |
| Other addiction providers | 5 689 (12.1) | 8 451 (10.2) |
| Mental health/medical providers | 8 488 (18.0) | 5 930 (7.2) |
| Legal | 5 896 (12.5) | 29 476 (35.6) |
| Others | 3 420 (7.3) | 6 443 (7.8) |
| Primary drug used | ||
| Alcohol | 16 874 (35.7) | 39 254 (47.3) |
| Heroin | 18 938 (40.1) | 23 414 (28.2) |
| Crack/cocaine | 7 885 (16.7) | 12 682 (15.3) |
| Marijuana | 2 200 (4.7) | 5 628 (6.8) |
| Others | 1 329 (2.8) | 1 934 (2.3) |
| Treatment settings at admissiond | ||
| Outpatient | 16 142 (34.9) | 42 793 (52.3) |
| Methadone | 8 596 (18.6) | 10 605 (13.0) |
| Short-term residential | 6 126 (13.2) | 5 879 (7.2) |
| Long-term residential | 2 598 (5.6) | 3 662 (4.5) |
| Detoxification | 12 855 (27.8) | 18 856 (23.1) |
| Polydrug use | ||
| Yes | 18 252 (59.8) | 42 565 (51.3) |
| No | 18 974 (40.2) | 40 347 (48.7) |
| Past addiction treatment episode | ||
| None | 14 747 (31.1) | 42 422 (51.0) |
| One | 12 375 (26.1) | 19 171 (23.0) |
| Two | 7 615 (16.1) | 8 523 (10.2) |
| Three | 4 240 (9.0) | 4 114 (4.9) |
| Four or more | 8 402 (17.7) | 8 995 (10.8) |
| Year | ||
| 1994 | 12 816 (27.1) | 21 477 (25.8) |
| 1995 | 11 564 (24.4) | 21 187 (25.5) |
| 1996 | 11 022 (23.3) | 20 910 (25.1) |
| 1997 | 11 977 (25.3) | 19 651 (23.6) |
| Length of treatment in days | ||
| Mean (SD) | 88.3 (178.3) | 109.7 (180.3) |
| Median | 27 | 52 |
Note. GED = general equivalency diploma.
aMean age of patients with co-occurring disorders = 33.8 years (9.2); mean age of patients with substance abuse only = 34.7 years (10.1).
bPoor < 125% federal poverty level (FPL); low income = 125%–199% FPL; middle income = 200%–399% FPL; high income ≥400% FPL.
cNo expected reimbursement source and did not self-pay for the treatment.
dOutpatient, including traditional outpatient or intensive outpatient care; methadone, including outpatient methadone maintenance and outpatient methadone detoxification; short-term residential care, typically 28 days; long-term residential care, typically 180 days or longer or halfway house; and detoxification, hospital detoxification, or residential detoxification.