Table 3.

Stages of adoption in relation to socio-demographic and other characteristics^a

	CBE				Mammogram
Variable	Precontemplation/contemplation (N = 117; %)	Relapse (N = 91; %)	Action (N = 86; %)	Maintenance (N = 104; %)	Precontemplation/contemplation (N = 81; %)	Relapse (N = 64; %)	Action (N = 46; %)	Maintenance (N = 57; %)
Socio-demographic
Age (years)
18–39	25	19	21	35*	–	–	–	–
≥40	32	26	22	21	–	–	–	–
40–49	–	–	–	–	33	20	25	23†
50–64	–	–	–	–	30	27	16	27
≥65	–	–	–	–	38	38	9	16
Location
Rural	28	21	24	27†	32	24	19	26†
Urban	29	29	9	34	30	48	9	13
Religion
Buddhism	29	21	23	27†	33	25	19	23
Other	33	37	12	19	31	35	12	23
Education
None	34	25	24	16***	34	22	23	21
Some	26	21	19	34	34	28	12	25
Employed
Yes	31	17	21	30	38	15	25	21
No	29	25	22	24	31	28	17	24
Years in US
0–9	39	20	26	15†	61	11	16	13***
≥10	27	23	21	28	27	29	19	25
English
Yes	27	24	18	30	67	0	33	0
No	30	23	22	26	32	26	19	24
Marital status
Never married	25	15	25	35***	50	25	17	8
Currently married	23	23	25	29	28	22	23	28
Previously married	41	27	15	17	35	30	14	20
Housing
Public	29	24	20	28	30	29	16	25†
Rented	36	21	24	19	46	19	21	13
Owned	20	22	27	31	23	20	30	27
Age at immigration (years)
<20	24	19	21	37***	0	0	0	0
20–39	23	21	29	27	34	21	24	22
≥40	42	28	11	19	31	30	14	24
% Life in US
<25	36	26	21	17*	36	27	16	21
25–50	25	20	23	31	29	25	21	25
>50	28	28	12	32	0	0	0	0
Health beliefs
Believed illness is a matter of karma	34	26	17	23†	37	29	16	18†
Believed illness is a matter of fate	34	21	21	24	35	24	19	22
Believed women should have regular check-ups	28	22	22	28†	32	26	18	24
Thought some diseases arc caused by wind	29	21	23	27	34	23	19	23†
Thought coin rubbing is the best treatment for some diseases	30	21	22	27	35	24	19	22*
Thought some American medicines are too strong for Cambodians	32	21	24	22	37	26	19	18
Believed cancer is curable	25	18	24	33**	33	18	25	25*
Avoided cancer tests because of fear of treatment	25	27	16	31	39	29	13	19
Access
MD gender
Male	36	23	20	21*	40	23	19	19*
Female	18	23	25	34	19	30	18	33
None	33	22	20	26	23	36	18	23
MD ethnicity
Asian American	40	20	18	22**	42	24	18	17*
Other	19	26	25	30	23	27	20	30
No/not sure	33	22	20	26	23	36	18	23
MD gender/ethnicity
Asian male	45	22	15	19***	53	23	16	9***
Non-Asian male	21	26	28	26	20	21	23	36
Asian female	19	13	32	35	4	24	24	48
Non-Asian female	17	26	23	33	27	33	15	25
No regular MD	33	22	20	26	23	36	18	23
Transportation problems	38	24	21	16**	37	31	16	16†
Childcare problems	21	14	26	39**	38	19	24	19
Interpreter problems	27	23	23	26	31	25	19	25
Concerns about costs	33	17	26	24	31	21	24	25
Ever received prenatal care in US
Yes	21	22	24	33***	29	23	24	23
No	42	23	18	17	35	27	15	23
Health insurance
Public	28	24	21	27	31	29	16	24*
Private	29	21	31	19	35	8	38	19
None	34	17	15	34	40	13	23	23

^aStatistical test: Chi-square test; Fisher's exact test when appropriate.

^†0.05 < P ≤ 0.10.

^*0.01 < P ≤ 0.05.

^**0.001 < P ≤ 0.01.

^***P < 0.001.