Table 3.

Pap Testing Stages of Adoption in Relation to Predictor Variables (N = 406)

Variable	Precontemplation/Contemplation % (N=97)	Relapse % (N=90)	Action % (N=60)	Maintenance %(N=159)	p-value
Sociodemographic Characteristics
Age
18–39	27	24	32	51	<0.001
40–59	37	53	60	42
>60	36	22	8	8
Buddhist	91	83	92	91	0.192
Marital Status					0.004
Never Married	6	16	14	26
Currently Married	47	45	53	44
Previously Married	47	39	34	30
Any formal education	47	53	50	64	0.038
Public housing resident	59	63	68	70	0.162
Acculturation Variables
> 10 years in U.S.	73	87	88	89	0.004
< 40 years at immigration	51	60	77	78	<0.001
Speaks English fluently	4	9	5	11	0.231
Preventive Beliefs
Illness is a matter of “karma”	60	44	43	38	0.007
Illness is a matter of fate	68	49	57	51	0.028
Women should have regular checkups	84	78	92	95	<0.001
Some cancers are curable if detected early	34	37	57	60	<0.001
Pap tests can prolong life	52	61	73	77	<0.001
Cervical Cancer Knowledge
Cambodian women have an increased cervical cancer risk	5	2	5	7	0.489
Older women have an increased cervical cancer risk	31	30	47	52	<1.001
Pap tests are necessary for sexually active women	24	33	32	53	<1.001
Pap tests are necessary for post-menopausal women	30	38	67	63	<0.001
Social Support Variables
Recommended by a friend	7	12	30	27	0.001
Recommended by a family member	9	8	20	26	0.001
Health Care Factors
Received prenatal services in the U.S.	36	51	73	70	<0.001
Received family planning services in the U.S.	29	40	60	64	<0.001
Health insurance	88	90	87	84	0.564
Cost concerns	32	28	28	30	0.930
Physician recommendation	33	54	73	89	<0.001
Physician gender
Female	24	30	35	47	0.013
Male	65	58	52	43
No physician	11	12	13	11
Preferred female provider	79	72	77	79	0.600
Physician ethnicity
Asian	59	46	42	27	0.001
Other	31	42	45	62
No physician	11	12	13	11
Problems finding interpreters	69	48	57	54	0.023