Figure 1.

Experimental design. Gene expression analyses were performed to identify targets differentially expressed in bladder cancer. These analyses comprised the transcript profiles of 56 bladder tissues combined with review of reported gene-profiling studies of bladder cancer. The design of the antibody arrays was based on availability of antibodies against these targets. A first exploratory antibody array set included 254 antibodies. A second confirmatory antibody array included 144 antibodies. Two types of validation studies of the protein profiles measured with these antibody arrays were performed. Immunohistochemical patterns were analyzed on tissue arrays containing 173 tumors. Enzyme immunoassays measured protein levels of several proteins on serum specimens.