TABLE 5.
Potential targets for analyzing genetic polymorphisms important for pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugsa
| Drug | Absorption
|
Distribution
|
Metabolism
|
Excretion
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI pH (ATPase) | Efflux drug transporters (P-gp, MRP1+0 -5, BCRP) | Albumin | AAG | Lipoproteins | Phase I (CYP450) | Phase II (NAT, UGT) | Renal (OATs, MRPs, OCTs) | Hepatobiliary (P-gp, MRPs, OATPs, OCTs) | |
| Triazoles | |||||||||
| Itraconazole | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | − | − |
| Fluconazole | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − |
| Voriconazole | − | + | ? | ? | − | + | − | − | − |
| Posaconazole | + | + | + | ? | ? | + (?) | + (?) | − | + |
| Polyenes | |||||||||
| Amphotericin Bb | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | + |
| Allylamines | |||||||||
| Terbinafine | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − |
| Echinocandins | |||||||||
| Caspofungin | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | − |
| Micafungin | − | ? | + | − | − | − | + | − | − |
| Anidulafungin | − | ? | + | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Pyrimidines | |||||||||
| Flucytosine | − | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
a
+, probable; −, improbable.
b
Few data exist for amphotericin B lipid formulations.