Nucleotide insertion opposite an A, 2AP, or Pu by DNA polymerase ι. Pol ι (1 nM) was incubated with DNA substrate (10 nM) and one of the four dNTPs (50 μM G, A, T, or C) for 10 min at 37°C. The substrate is shown on the top, and the X indicates the presence of either an A, a 2-AP, or a Pu residue.