TABLE 3.
Classification of zinc cluster proteins in S. cerevisiaea
| Role | Gene name | Localization (reference[s])b | Function (reference[s]) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sugar metabolism | GAL4 | C, N (32) | Activates genes involved in galactose metabolism (GAL1, GAL10) (24, 168) |
| RGT1 | C, N (235) | Activator/repressor of hexose transport genes (198) | |
| MAL13 | U | Part of MAL1 complex locus (35, 189) | |
| MAL33 | U | Activator of maltose genes in maltose metabolism, forms part of MAL3 complex locus (35, 189) | |
| MAL63 | U | Activator of maltose genes (35, 189) | |
| Amino acid, vitamin, and uracil metabolism | ARO80 | N | Activator of aromatic acid catabolic genes (108) |
| LEU3 | N (126) | Activator/repressor of leucine biosynthesis genes (76, 127, 297) | |
| LYS14 | C, N | Activator of lysine metabolic enzymes (68, 69) | |
| PUT3 | C, N | Induction of proline utilization genes (11, 242) | |
| THI2 (PHO6) | U | Activator of thiamine biosynthetic genes (194) | |
| ARG81 | C, N | Activator/repressor of arginine metabolism enzymes (210) | |
| CHA4 | C, N | Induction and basal expression of serine and threonine utilization, activates CHA1 (102) | |
| PPR1 | N (75) | Activates URA1 and URA3 (157) | |
| Miscellaneous | SEF1 | U | Compensates for the essential function of RPM2 in cell growth (87) |
| TEA1 | C, N | Activates transcription of Ty1 retrotransposon (86) | |
| STB4 | N | Interacts with Sin3p in yeast two-hybrid system (118) | |
| Chromatin remodeling | RSC3 | N | Essential component of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex (8) |
| RSC30 | N | Subunit of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex (8) | |
| Meiosis and mitosis | UME6 | N | Represses early meiotic genes (7, 202, 248) |
| CEP3 | M | Essential kinetochore component, chromosome segregation (143, 250) | |
| Nitrogen utilization | UGA3 | N | Activates GABA genes (277) |
| DAL81 | N | Activator of nitrogen catabolic genes, including allantoin and GABA genes (25, 40, 110, 277) | |
| PDR/stress response | PDR1 | N (52, 90) | Activator of PDR genes (15) |
| PDR3 | N (167) | Activator of PDR genes (53) | |
| PDR8 | C, N | Involved in PDR (100) | |
| YRM1 | C, N | Activator of PDR genes (158) | |
| YRR1 | C, N | Activator of PDR genes (46) | |
| HAL9 | C, N | Involved in salt tolerance (178) | |
| STB5 | C, N | Interacts with Sin3p, is an activator of PDR genes, and is involved in oxidative stress resistance (4, 118, 138) | |
| RDR1 | U | Repressor of PDR genes (97) | |
| RDS1 | U | Regulator of drug sensitivity (4) | |
| RDS2 | U | Regulator of drug sensitivity (4) | |
| WAR1 | N (131) | Activator of PDR12 in response to weak acid stress (131) | |
| ASG1 (YIL130W) | N | Activator of stress response genes (C. Wai and B. Turcotte, unpublished data) | |
| Peroxisome proliferation | OAF1 | C, N (116) | Activates genes involved in peroxisome proliferation (223) |
| PIP2 | C, N (116) | Activates genes involved in peroxisome proliferation (222) | |
| Ergosterol biosynthesis or uptake | UPC2 | C, N | Anaerobic sterol uptake, activator of ergosterol biosynthetic genes (44) |
| ECM22 | C, N | Activator of ergosterol biosynthetic genes (160, 274) | |
| SUT1 (YGL162W) | N (190) | Overexpression increases sterol uptake (190) | |
| SUT2 | U | Overexpression increases sterol uptake (190), multicopy suppressor of low activity of the cyclic AMP/proteinase kinase A pathway (226) | |
| Gluconeogenesis and | CAT8 | C, N | Activates genes needed for gluconeogenesis (96) |
| respiration | SIP4 | U | Snf1 kinase-dependent activator of gluconeogenesis genes (276) |
| HAP1 | U | Activates respiration genes (43, 205) | |
| Unknown | EDS1 (YBR033W) | U | Expression is dependent on Rpb2p (S. Vidan and M. Snyder, unpublished data) |
| TBS1 (YBR150C) | C, N | Δybr150c is sensitive to thiabendazole (62) | |
| YBR239C | C, N | Interacts with Rds2p in yeast two-hybrid system (75, 95, 109) | |
| YDR520C | C, N | Δydr520c is slightly sensitive to caffeine (5) | |
| YER184C | U | ||
| YFL052W | U | Δyfl052w is hypersensitive to heat shock at 37°C (5) | |
| YJL103C | U | May be involved in oxidative phosphorylation (55) | |
| YJL206C | U | ||
| YKL222C | U | Δykl222c is sensitive to caffeine (5) | |
| YKR064W | C, N | ||
| YLL054C | C | ||
| YLR278C | N | Δylr278c is sensitive to caffeine (5) | |
| YNR063W | U |
Known and putative zinc cluster proteins containing the consensus sequence Cys-X2-Cys-X6-Cys-X5-12-Cys-X2-Cys-X6-8-Cys are listed, as well as two other proteins (Sut1p and Sut2p) with divergent cysteine-rich domains. Sut1p has 68 amino acids between the third and fourth cysteines and 17 amino acids between the fifth and sixth cysteines, while Sut2p has 62 amino acids between the third and fourth cysteines. It is not known if these two proteins require zinc for function. Rds3p was initially classified as a zinc cluster protein (4, 5) since it contains the consensus sequence. However, this may be due to the fact that this short protein is cysteine rich (13 cysteines out of 107 amino acids) and not because it is a bona fide zinc cluster protein. Unlike all other zinc cluster proteins, Rds3p has clear orthologues in higher eukaryotes; S. cerevisiae Rds3p was shown to be part of the spliceosome (275, 280).
Unless otherwise indicated, localization data are taken from a large-scale study performed by Huh et al. (106). N, nucleus; C, cytoplasm; M, microtubules; U, unknown.