TABLE 1.
Q-D susceptibility testing, comparison of PFGE strain types, and streptogramin and macrolide resistance gene content for QDREF isolates from humans, farm animals, and grocery store meat sources
| Source | Total no. of isolates | No. of isolates with Q-D MIC (μg/ml) of:
|
No. of PFGE groupsa | No. of uniqueb PFGE types (%) | No. of isolates positive for vatE (%) | No. of isolates positive for ermB (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 8 | ≥16 | ||||||
| Humans | 57 | 37 | 17 | 3 | 7 | 25 (44) | 1 (2) | 48 (84) |
| Hospitalized | 45 | 27 | 17 | 1 | 6 | 15 (33) | 0 | 43 (95) |
| Outpatients | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 10 (83) | 1 (8) | 5 (42) |
| Farm animals | 283 | 100 | 81 | 102 | 61c | 82d | 53 (19) | 198 (70) |
| Turkeys | 105 | 13 | 31 | 61 | 24 | 27 | 37 (35) | 71 (68) |
| Chickens | 62 | 0 | 22 | 40 | 12 | 29 | 16 (26) | 23 (37) |
| Swine | 62 | 42 | 19 | 1 | 11 | 17 | 0 | 61 (98) |
| Dairy cattle | 51 | 42 | 9 | 0 | 14 | 9 | 0 | 42 (82) |
| Beef cattle | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 (33) |
| Grocery store meat | 21 | 3 | 4 | 14 | 6 | 10 (48) | 0 | 11 (52) |
| Chicken | 18 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 7 (39) | 0 | 8 (44) |
| Ground pork | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 (100) | 0 | 3 (100) |
| Total | 361 | 140 | 102 | 119 | 74 | 117 (32) | 54 (15) | 257 (71) |
a
Each group contains more than one isolate with PFGE patterns with ≥80% similarity.
b
Only one isolate with this PFGE pattern.
c
One PFGE group of turkey isolates also contained one chicken isolate, and one strain type unique among turkeys had a related PFGE pattern compared to two chicken isolates.
d
One PFGE group of chicken isolates also contained one turkey isolate, and two strain types unique among chickens contained turkey isolates.