FIG. 2.

Heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and maltose inhibit adherence of H. somnus to BBEC. Adhesion of H. somnus to BBEC was tested in the presence of 1 mM heparin (Hep), 50 mM glucose (Glu), 50 mM maltose (Mal), 1 mM A6677 (RGD peptide), 1 mM chondroitin sulfate (CS), or RPMI as a negative control. Approximately 30 H. somnus CFU were added per endothelial cell. The cells were then incubated for 4 h at 37°C and washed five times with PBS. The endothelial cells were then lysed, and the adherent bacteria were enumerated by plating BBEC lysates on sheep blood agar plates. Data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.