TABLE 1.
Early and late changes in expression levels of representative genes in the lungs of WT and SCID mice after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as measured by gene array analysis
| Category and gene product | GenBank accession no. | Gene expression (fold change) at days postinfectiona
|
Descriptionb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCID
|
WT
|
|||||
| 0-4 | 8-12 | 0-4 | 8-12 | |||
| Alternatively activated macrophages | ||||||
| AMCase | BC011134 | + | − | ++ | +++ | Acidic mammalian chitinase |
| Arg1 | NM_007482 | * | * | * | * | Arginase 1 intracellular |
| FIZZ1 | NM_020509 | ++++ | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | RETNLa, resistin-like alpha |
| FIZZ2 | NM_023881 | * | * | * | * | RETNLb, resistin-like beta |
| Mrc1 | NM_008625 | + | − | + | + | Mannose receptor C1 |
| Ym1 | NM_009892 | +++ | − | +++ | +++ | Chitinase-like molecule, Th2 derived |
| Ym2 | AY065557 | +++ | − | +++ | ++++ | Chitinase-like molecule, Th2 derived |
| Chemokines | ||||||
| CCL8 | NM_021443 | ++++ | − | +++ | ++++ | MCP2: BA, MC, and EO attractant |
| CCL9 | NM_011338 | +++ | − | ++ | +++ | MRP2: CD11b+ DC attractant |
| CCL11 | NM_011330 | ++ | − | ++ | +++ | Eotaxin |
| CCL17 | NM_011332 | +++ | + | +++ | +++ | TARC: Th2 attractant |
| CXCL1 | NM_008176 | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | Leukocyte recruitment, wound repair |
| CXCL13 | NM_018866 | ++ | − | ++ | ++ | B cells DC recruitment |
| Surface lectins and integrins | ||||||
| CD11c | NM_021334 | ++ | − | ++ | ++ | Integrin alpha X, Ab-mediated phagocytosis |
| Dectin-1 | NM_020008 | ++ | − | ++ | + | C-type lectin on APCs, T-cell costimulation |
| Dectin-2 | NM_020001 | +++ | − | ++++ | + | C-type lectin on APCs, Treg-mediated tolerance |
| Itga7 | NM_008398 | + | − | ++ | + | Integrin alpha 7, cell-ECM interaction |
| Inflammatory molecules | ||||||
| GOB-5 | NM_017474 | ++++ | + | ++++ | ++++ | CLCA3, expressed in goblet cells |
| Lcn2 | X14607 | ++ | − | +++ | ++ | NGAL, transforms epithelial cells |
| Muc5b | AF369933 | + | − | +++ | +++ | Tracheobronchial mucin |
| SPRR2a | NM_011468 | + | − | − | ++ | Expressed in lung during allergic challenge |
| TFF-2 | NM_009363 | + | − | ++ | +++ | Expressed in lung during allergic challenge |
| Lung remodeling | ||||||
| Col3a1 | AW550625 | ++ | − | ++ | ++ | Procollagen type III alpha 1 |
| Ctsk | NM_007802 | +++ | − | ++++ | ++ | Cathepsin K, lung homeostasis, remodeling |
| Elastin | BB229377 | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ECM role in lung injury and repair |
| Fibronectin 1 | BM234360 | + | − | ++ | + | Subepithelial ECM remodeling in lung |
| MMP12 | BC019135 | ++ | − | ++ | ++++ | Alveolar remodeling, EO and Mφ associated |
| Tenascin C | NM_011607 | +++ | − | +++ | ++ | ECM remodeling in lungs |
| TIMP1 | BC008107 | +++ | + | ++++ | +++ | Regulator of MMPs |
Relative expression was based on log10-normalized GeneChip (Affymetrix) data that were preprocessed using GC-RMA and compared to the levels in uninfected lungs. Values represent means of expression values from the lungs of six animals for each time window. Fold change (FC) of >10, ++++; FC of 4-9.99, +++; FC of 2-3.99, ++; FC of 1.5-1.99, +; and FC of <1.5, −. Expression that did not meet the minimum fluorescence intensity threshold of 150 is indicated by an asterisk.
Ab, antibody; APCs, antigen-presenting cells; BA, basophil; CLCA, chloride channel, calcium activated; DC, dendritic cell; ECM, extracellular matrix; EO, eosinophil; Mφ, macrophage; MC, mast cell; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MMPs, matrix metalloproteases; MRP, macrophage inflammatory protein-related protein; NAGL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; TARC, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine.