TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics at the time of enrollment of S. haematobium-positive participants and age-, gender-, and residence-matched S. haematobium-negative participants who contributed serum for cytokine measurement
| Group | n | No. who werea:
|
Mean age (yr) | No. (%) of females | Hemo globin concn (g/dl) | No. (%) from residential sector:
|
No. (%) with intestinal infectionb | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 to 8 yr old | 9 to 14 yr old | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | ||||||
| S. haematobium negative | 283 | 141 (6.33) | 142 (11.2) | 8.76 | 146 (51.6) | 12.3 | 24 (8.5) | 23 (8.1) | 121 (42.8) | 39 (13.8) | 7 (2.5) | 10 (3.5) | 42 (14.8) | 17 (6.0) | 25 (8.8) |
| S. haematobium positive | 324 | 163 (6.38) | 161 (11.2) | 8.77 | 166 (51.2) | 12.2 | 30 (9.3) | 29 (9.0) | 130 (40.1) | 46 (14.2) | 18 (5.6) | 10 (3.1) | 44 (13.6) | 17 (5.2) | 27 (8.3) |
a
The numbers in parentheses are mean ages (in years).
b
Intestinal infection refers to the presence of Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepsis nana, and Enterobius vermicularis at the time of enrollment.