TABLE 3.
Serum geometric mean IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokine levels detected at the time of an acute malaria event in age-stratified Malian children with S. haematobium matched by age, sex, and residence with children without S. haematobium compared to background cytokine levels detected in individuals without malaria
| Cytokine | Group | Age range (yr) | Geometric mean concn (range) (pg/ml)
|
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children with no malaria | Children with acute malaria | ||||
| IL-4 | Sch(+) | 4-8 | 27.7 (5.0-346.2) (n = 34) | 16.3 (5.0-73.3) (n = 129) | 0.007 |
| 9-14 | 27.9 (5.0-77.3) (n = 37) | 16 (5.0-73.6) (n = 123) | 0.008 | ||
| Sch(−) | 4-8 | 6.9 (5.0-37.0) (n = 12) | 15.2 (5.0-110.1) (n = 129) | 0.06 | |
| 9-14 | 6.8 (5.0-19.0) (n = 19) | 16.4 (5.0-352.5) (n = 124) | <0.001 | ||
| IL-6 | Sch(+) | 4-8 | 37.1 (2.5-339.5) | 95.0 (2.5-5,040) | <0.001 |
| 9-14 | 22.4 (2.5-520.3) | 78.1 (2.5-2,807.7) | <0.001 | ||
| Sch(−) | 4-8 | 22.5 (2.5-81.8) | 137.2 (2.5-3,504.3) | <0.001 | |
| 9-14 | 17.9 (2.5-125.8) | 78.9 (2.5-5,984.2) | <0.001 | ||
| IL-10 | Sch(+) | 4-8 | 18.2 (2.5-60.9) | 195.9 (5.4-2,863.6) | <0.001 |
| 9-14 | 19.0 (2.5-64.3) | 91.2 (6.0-4,999) | <0.001 | ||
| Sch(−) | 4-8 | 7.22 (2.5-99.3) | 282.2 (5.1-7,800) | <0.001 | |
| 9-14 | 6.4 (2.5-32.7) | 141.2 (2.5-5,830.7) | <0.001 | ||
| IFN-γ | Sch(+) | 4-8 | 17.6 (2.5-88.0) | 8.0 (2.5-126.3) | <0.001 |
| 9-14 | 18.2 (5.0-187.2) | 8.0 (2.5-93.1) | <0.001 | ||
| Sch(−) | 4-8 | 4.7 (2.5-13.8) | 7.8 (2.5-73.8) | 0.61 | |
| 9-14 | 5.7 (2.5-32.4) | 6.8 (2.5-232.7) | 0.70 | ||
a
Boldface indicates that there is a significant difference as determined by the Mann-Whitney rank sum method between pooled geometric mean background and acute malaria cytokine levels stratified by age with significance set at a P value of <0.05.