TABLE 1.
Sensitivities and specificities of the Panbio IgM ELISA and Leptotek IgM lateral flow test for the detection of IgM antibodies compared to the MATa
| Assay | Sample timing | Median days to fever onset (IQR) | Positive (+) or negative (−) | MAT result
|
% (95% CI)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | − | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | ||||
| Panbio IgM | Overall | 10 (7-14.5) | + | 29 | 145 | 63.0 (47.6-76.8) | 55.5 (49.9-61.0) | 16.7 (11.5-23.1) | 91.4 (86.6-94.9) |
| ELISA | − | 17 | 181 | ||||||
| Admission | 9 (7-13) | + | 14 | 56 | 60.9 (38.5-80.3) | 65.6 (57.8-72.9) | 20.0 (11.4-31.3) | 92.2 (85.8-96.4) | |
| − | 9 | 107 | |||||||
| Convalescent-phase | 15 (10-20) | + | 15 | 89 | 65.2 (42.7-83.6) | 45.4 (37.6-53.4) | 14.4 (8.3-22.7) | 90.2 (81.7-95.7) | |
| − | 8 | 74 | |||||||
| Days 1 to 7 | 6 (5-7) | + | 7 | 18 | 70.0 (34.8-93.3) | 70.0 (56.8-81.2) | 28.0 (12.1-49.4) | 93.3 (81.7-98.6) | |
| of feverb | − | 3 | 42 | ||||||
| Leptotek lateral | Admission | 9 (7-14) | + | 11 | 40 | 47.3 (26.8-69.4) | 75.5 (68.1-81.9) | 21.6 (11.3-35.3) | 91.1 (85.0-95.3) |
| flow test | − | 12 | 123 | ||||||
| Days 1 to 7 | 6 (5-7) | + | 7 | 15 | 70.0 (34.8-93.3) | 75.0 (62.1-85.3) | 31.8 (13.9-54.9) | 93.8 (82.8-98.7) | |
| of fever | − | 3 | 45 | ||||||
The KIT panel of strains (with serovars in parentheses) included Jez Bratislava (Bratislava), Mus 127 (Ballum), Hond Utrecht IV (Canicola), Duyster (Grippotyphosa), Mandemakers (Grippotyphosa), Hebdomadis (Hebdomadis), Kantorowicz (Icterohaemorrhagiae), Wijnberg (Copenhageni), Poi (Poi), Pomona (Pomona), 1161 U (Proechimys), Hardjoprajitno (Hardjo), Lely 607 (Hardjo), Mus 24 (Saxkoebing), M 84 (Sejroe), Patoc I (Patoc), CH 11 (Andamana), Ballico (Australis), Rachmat (Rachmati), Swart (Bataviae), Celledoni (Celledoni), 3522 C (Cynopteri), Sari (Mini), CZ 214 K (Panama), Salinem (Pyrogenes), Veltat Semarang 173 (Semaranga), 1342 K (Shermani), and Perepelitsin (Tarassovi). The Australian panel of serovars included Pomona, Hardjo, Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Celledoni, Copenhageni, Australis, Pyrogenes, Canicola, Hebdomadis, Mini, Sarmin, Autumnalis, Cynopteri, Ballum, Bataviae, Djasiman, Javanica, Panama, Shermani, and Mwalok.
A combination of admission and convalescent-phase specimens.