Proliferative responses to 108 CFU of gamma-irradiated SRB51 by PBMC after booster vaccination of elk with saline, S19, or SRB51. Elk were initially vaccinated with saline, 1.2 × 1010 CFU of SRB51, or 0.8 × 1010 CFU of S19 (n = seven animals/treatment) and booster vaccinated 65 weeks later with saline, 1.0 × 1010 CFU SRB51, or 1.2 × 1010 CFU S19, respectively. Cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 7 days and then pulsed for 18 h with [3H]thymidine. The results are expressed as mean stimulation indexes. Means within a sampling time with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). The mean response of elk PBMC incubated in the absence of antigen was 2,278 ± 300 cpm. The mean response of elk PBMC incubated with 1 μg of pokeweed mitogen/ml was 70,626 ± 4,553 cpm.