HrpJ is required for symptom production and bacterial growth in Arabidopsis. (A) Leaves from A. thaliana Col-0 plants that were dip inoculated into DC3000 suspensions at a concentration of 1 × 108 cells/ml. The strains used were wild-type DC3000, a DC3000 hrcC mutant, UNL140 (a nonpolar hrpJ mutant), and UNL140 carrying pLN426, a plasmid containing hrpJ-HA. Photographs were taken 4 days after inoculation. (B) Bacterial growth in A. thaliana Col-0 leaves of the strains in panel A was monitored over a 4-day period. Results show that DC3000 hrpJ mutants are greatly reduced in their ability to grow in planta and in disease symptom production, and these phenotypes are complemented when hrpJ is provided in trans.