Figure 1.
E3 ubiquitin ligases regulating the TGFβ signaling pathway. HECT domain, RING type, and U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate both basal levels and activated components of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Black arrows illustrate TGFβ signal transduction. Positive (green arrows) and negative (red arrows) regulation of TGFβ signaling components by the ubiquitin/proteosome pathway are also indicated.