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. 2005 Jan;166(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62227-4

Figure 9.

Figure 9

TGA inhibition of rat subdermal implant calcification and ECM protein expression. A: Calcium content of 21-day rat subdermal explants, showing reduced calcification in both porcine aortic valve cusp and bovine pericardium treated with TGA versus Glut. **, P < 0.001. B: Alizarin red staining (for imaging calcium phosphates) of 21-day cusp explants showing a pattern of heavy calcification (red stain) in Glut-treated materials (a) versus an absence of alizarin read staining in the TGA-pretreated explants (b). C: Immunohistochemistry of Glut-pretreated (a, c, e) and TGA-pretreated (b, d, f) 21-day cusp explants for TNC (VIP purple stain) showing lower TNC expression with TGA pretreatment, for MMP-9 (diaminobenzidine brown stain) showing lower expression with TGA pretreatment, and for OPN (diaminobenzidine brown stain) showing no difference between the two groups. Original magnifications: ×100 (B); ×200 (C, c–f); ×400 (a, b).