CCR6 regulates DC and T-cell cytokine expression. Cytokine expression of PP leukocytes from CCR6-deficient mice was compared with wild-type controls by reverse transcriptase-PCR. RNA was isolated from whole PPs, and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-10 was analyzed. A: The reduced expression of IL-10 inside PPs of CCR6-deficient mice, whereas no changes were obvious for all other cytokines evaluated. The data are representative data from three mice each group. B: IL-12 and IL-10 secretion of BmDCs after LPS stimulation were analyzed by ELISA. CCR6-deficient BmDCs (filled bars) secrete significantly higher amounts of IL-12 (90.2 ± 13.5 ng/ml versus 171.8 ± 15.8 ng/ml; P < 0.001) compared with controls (open bars), whereas no differences were detected for IL-10 (260 ± 35 pg/ml versus 273 ± 53 pg/ml; P > 0.1). Splenocytes from the same mice were stimulated by plate-bound anti-CD3 and interferon-γ and IL-2 measured after 48 hours by ELISA (C) showing significant increased expression of interferon-γ (7.6 ± 2.1 ng/ml versus 21.6 ± 6.6 ng/ml; P < 0.001) as well as IL-2 (540 ± 100 pg/ml versus 890 ± 200 pg/ml; P < 0.01) in CCR6-deficient mice. The data are representative for four independent experiments including one to two mice per group.