Table 1.

Eligibility and Exclusion Criteria

Eligibility Criteria Age 3-<7 years at enrollment* Able to perform visual acuity using the Amblyopia Treatment Study single-surround HOTV protocol Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye 20/40 to 20/400† Visual acuity in the sound eye ≥20/40 Interocular acuity difference ≥ 0.3 logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) (3 lines)† Amblyopia associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both meeting the following criteria: Strabismic amblyopia: amblyopia in the presence of a heterotropia at distance and/or near fixation or a history of strabismus surgery (or botulinum) or a documented history of strabismus. Anisometropic amblyopia: amblyopia in the presence of ≥0.50 D‡ difference between eyes in spherical equivalent and/or ≥1.50 D difference between eyes in astigmatism in any meridian Combined mechanism amblyopia: amblyopia in the presence of (1) a heterotropia at distance and/or near fixation or a history of strabismus surgery (or botulinum) or a documented history of strabismus, and (2) ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent or ≥1.50 D difference between eyes in astigmatism in any meridian. Completed spectacle phase or already in optimal correction at least 16 weeks or spectacles not needed

Exclusion criteria Amblyopia treatment (other than spectacles) in the past month or more than one month of amblyopia treatment in the past 6 months Current vision therapy or orthoptics Ocular cause for reduced visual acuity Myopia more than a spherical equivalent of −6.00 D Prior intraocular or refractive surgery Known skin reactions to patch or bandage adhesives

^*13 patients were <7 years old at study enrollment when spectacle wear started but were 7 years old at the time of randomization.

^†1 patient had visual acuity 20/32 in the amblyopic eye and 20/20 in the sound eye at the time of randomization.

^‡D = diopter