Skip to main content
PMC home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1996 Aug;111(4):1145–1152. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.4.1145

Characterization of Glutathione Uptake in Broad Bean Leaf Protoplasts.

A Jamai 1, R Tommasini 1, E Martinoia 1, S Delrot 1
PMCID: PMC160990  PMID: 12226353

Abstract

Transport of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was studied with broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaf tissues and protoplasts. Protoplasts and leaf discs took up GSSG at a rate about twice the uptake rate of GSH. Detailed studies with protoplasts indicated that GSH and GSSG uptake exhibited the same sensitivity to the external pH and to various chemical reagents. GSH uptake was inhibited by GSSG and glutathione conjugates. GSSG uptake was inhibited by GSH and GS conjugates, and the uptake of metolachlor-GS was inhibited by GSSG. Various amino acids (L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-cysteine, L-glycine, L-methionine) and peptides (glycine-glycine, glycine-glycine-glycine) affected neither the transport of GSH nor GSSG. Uptake kinetics indicate that GSH is taken up by a single saturable transporter, with an apparent Km of 0.4 mM, whereas GSSG uptake exhibits two saturable phases, with an apparent Km of 7 [mu]M and 3.7 mM. It is concluded that the plasma membrane of leaf cells contains a specific transport system for glutathione, which takes up GSSG and GS conjugates preferentially over GSH. Proton flux measurements and electrophysiological measurements indicate that GSH and GSSG are taken up with proton symport. However, a detailed analysis of these measurements suggests that the ion movements induced by GSSG differ from those induced by GSH.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (797.8 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alosi M. C., Melroy D. L., Park R. B. The regulation of gelation of Phloem exudate from cucurbita fruit by dilution, glutathione, and glutathione reductase. Plant Physiol. 1988 Apr;86(4):1089–1094. doi: 10.1104/pp.86.4.1089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Despeghel J. P., Delrot S. Energetics of Amino Acid Uptake by Vicia faba Leaf Tissues. Plant Physiol. 1983 Jan;71(1):1–6. doi: 10.1104/pp.71.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dhindsa R. S. Drought Stress, Enzymes of Glutathione Metabolism, Oxidation Injury, and Protein Synthesis in Tortula ruralis. Plant Physiol. 1991 Feb;95(2):648–651. doi: 10.1104/pp.95.2.648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Felle H., Lühring H., Bentrup F. W. Serine transport and membrane depolarization in the liverwort Riccia fluitans. Z Naturforsch C. 1979 Dec;34(12):1222–1223. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Jamai A., Chollet J. F., Delrot S. Proton-Peptide Co-Transport in Broad Bean Leaf Tissues. Plant Physiol. 1994 Nov;106(3):1023–1031. doi: 10.1104/pp.106.3.1023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kinraide T. B., Etherton B. Electrical evidence for different mechanisms of uptake for basic, neutral, and acidic amino acids in oat coleoptiles. Plant Physiol. 1980 Jun;65(6):1085–1089. doi: 10.1104/pp.65.6.1085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kinraide T. B., Newman I. A., Etherton B. A Quantitative Simulation Model for H-Amino Acid Cotransport To Interpret the Effects of Amino Acids on Membrane Potential and Extracellular pH. Plant Physiol. 1984 Nov;76(3):806–813. doi: 10.1104/pp.76.3.806. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Mannervik B., Guthenberg C. Glutathione transferase (human placenta). Methods Enzymol. 1981;77:231–235. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77030-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nieto-Sotelo J., Ho T. H. Effect of heat shock on the metabolism of glutathione in maize roots. Plant Physiol. 1986 Dec;82(4):1031–1035. doi: 10.1104/pp.82.4.1031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Polle A., Chakrabarti K., Schürmann W., Renneberg H. Composition and Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposing Systems in Extracellular and Total Extracts from Needles of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L., Karst.). Plant Physiol. 1990 Sep;94(1):312–319. doi: 10.1104/pp.94.1.312. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Rautenkranz AAF., Li L., Machler F., Martinoia E., Oertli J. J. Transport of Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids across Protoplast and Vacuole Membranes Isolated from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Gerbel) Leaves. Plant Physiol. 1994 Sep;106(1):187–193. doi: 10.1104/pp.106.1.187. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Wingate V. P., Lawton M. A., Lamb C. J. Glutathione causes a massive and selective induction of plant defense genes. Plant Physiol. 1988 May;87(1):206–210. doi: 10.1104/pp.87.1.206. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES