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Mechanism of active tubular secretion of TFV. TFV is transported from the blood into proximal-tubule cells by the parallel action of basolateral transporters hOAT1 and hOAT3. Subsequently, TFV is effluxed from proximal-tubule cells into urine by the MRP4 efflux pump expressed on the apical membrane. Neither hOCT1, hOCT2, MRP2, nor Pgp is involved in active tubular secretion of TFV.
