TABLE 1.
Physical, chemical and biological characterization of Yellowstone hot spring sampling sites
| Study site, and specific location | Sample type | pH | Temp (°C) | SO4 concn (mM) | SRR (nmol of SO4 cm−3 day−1) | Phospholipid content (nmol of P g−1) | Enrichments obtained | No. of clades found with DSR PCR amplification of samples fromf:
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environment | Enrichments | ||||||||
| Mud Volcano area, Obsidian Pool | Sediment | 6.3 | 89 | 0.6 | 104 (144)b | 9.7 (3.7) | −e | 1 | |
| Nymph Creek area | |||||||||
| Nymph Creek | Scraped Mat | 2.5 | 38-47 | 4.7 | 212 (110) | n.a.a | − | 2 | |
| Black Sediment Pool | Sediment | 6.6 | 69 | 0.6 | 87 (97) | n.a. | − | 3 | |
| Mammoth Springs | |||||||||
| New Pit Spring | Mat | 6.1 | 56 | 31.6 | 11,111 (1,497) | n.a. | + | 0 | 1 |
| Bath Lake Vista | Mat | 6.5 | 54 | 6.3 | n.a. | n.a. | + | 2 | 1 |
| Roland's Well | Mat | 6.5 | 52 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | + | 1 | 1 |
| Norris Geyser Basin | |||||||||
| Site C | Sediment | 2.3 | 88 | 87.5 | 704c | n.a. | − | 0 | |
| Site D | Sediment | 2.2 | 42 | 6.5 | 1.6 (1.4) | n.a. | − | 0 | |
| Site E | Sediment | 4.1 | 91 | 0.3 | b.d.d | 3.9 (3.1) | |||
| Cinder Pool | Sediment | 2.5 | 91 | 0.5 | 2c | 2.4 (1.2) | − | 0 | |
| Black Spring | Sediment | 3.0 | 80 | 2.6 | 5.6c | 1.8 (0.6) | − | 0 | |
| Mt. Washburn area | |||||||||
| Site A | Sediment | 2.2 | 46 | 54.0 | b.d. | 25.8 (1.8) | |||
| Site B | Sediment | 6.1 | 81 | 39.1 | b.d. | n.a. | |||
| Acid Inkpot Spring | Sediment | 2.8 | 77 | 38.2 | b.d. | 6.9 (5.1) | |||
| Inkpot Spring | Sediment | 6.2 | 86 | 24.1 | b.d. | 1.3 (0.1) | |||
a
n.a., data not available.
b
Values represent means (standard deviations). n = 3 for all samples except those from New Pit, for which n = 2.
c
The rate was determined from one core; the other two cores gave results below the detection limit.
d
b.d., below detection limit.
e
−, enrichment was attempted with no success.
f
Values represent the number of clades present. Zeros represent unsuccessful attempts at amplification. DSR, dissimilatory sulfite reductase.