IL-6 concentrations were determined in culture media after a 24-hour incubation of astrocytes with LPS, DiI-LDL, or DiI-oxLDL with low (-L), medium (-M), or high (-H) oxidation. Untreated astrocytes had no detectable IL-6. Data are presented as mean ± SEM for n ≥ 3 separate experiments. Analysis of variance was statistically significant for the six groups (P < 0.0001). *, P < 0.001 for Bonferroni-corrected repeated pair comparisons.