Table 2.

Item content and means of the CIDS scale

	Dutch sample	U.S. sample
n	151	190
I believe I can…
plan my meals and snacks according to dietary guidelines.	4.24 ± 0.78	4.31 ± 0.93
check my blood glucose at least two times a day.	4.48 ± 0.98	4.67 ± 0.81
perform the prescribed number of daily insulin injections.	4.88 ± 0.55	4.82 ± 0.52
adjust my insulin for exercise, traveling, or celebrations.	4.78 ± 0.53	4.52* ± 0.79
adjust my insulin when I am sick.	4.44 ± 0.85	4.34 ± 0.88
detect high levels of blood glucose in time to correct.	4.28 ± 0.90	4.34 ± 0.92
detect low levels of blood glucose in time to correct.	4.17 ± 0.89	4.21 ± 0.94
treat a high blood glucose correctly.	4.50 ± 0.67	4.54 ± 0.73
treat a low blood glucose correctly.	4.45 ± 0.68	4.59 ± 0.71
keep daily records of my blood glucose.	4.05 ± 1.25	4.44* ± 0.91
decide when it's necessary to contact my doctor or diabetes educator.	4.51 ± 0.62	4.56 ± 0.65
ask my doctor questions about my treatment plan.	4.72 ± 0.54	4.69 ± 0.63
keep my blood glucose in the normal range when under stress.	3.77 ± 0.98	3.66 ± 1.05
check my feet for sores or blisters every day.	4.01 ± 1.09	4.54* ± 0.83
ask my friends or relatives for help with my diabetes.	3.80 ± 1.17	4.01 ± 1.13
inform colleagues/others of my diabetes, if needed.	4.42 ± 0.79	4.45 ± 0.91
keep my medical appointments.	4.68 ± 0.66	4.84† ± 0.41
exercise two to three times weekly.	3.84 ± 1.29	4.19† ± 0.98
figure out what foods to eat when dining out.	4.37 ± 0.82	4.32 ± 0.89
read and hear about diabetes complications without getting discouraged.	4.05 ± 1.08	4.02 ± 1.07
Total scale	83.0 ± 11.5	85.0 ± 12.5

Data are n or means ± SD. Scoring range: from 1 (“No, I am sure I cannot”) to 5 (“Yes, I am sure I can”).

^*P < 0.001,

^†P < 0.01.