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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 17;215(2):158–167. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.006

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Time- and concentration- dependent cytotoxicity caused by DDS/SMX or their hydroxylamine metabolite in NHDF. NHDF cells were seeded at a density of 105 cells/mL on 96 well plates and incubated with A) DDS (2 mM), D-NOH (1.5 mM). B) SMX (5 mM), S-NOH (5 mM) or C) S-NOH (0 to 5 mM) or D-NOH (0 to 1.5 mM) in the basal media (FBM) for 3 h. After 3 h incubation, the plate was washed with FBM followed by the addition of 4 μM of YO-YO-1, a DNA binding dye. After 3 h incubation with the respective metabolites, the plate was washed with basal media (FBM) followed by the addition of 4 μM of YO-YO-1, a DNA binding dye. Fluorescence was measured for 16 h (A & B) or at 16 h (C) at 37° C using a fluorescent microtiter plate reader followed by the addition of Triton-X (0.1%) for 3 h. The % cytotoxicity was determined as described in the Materials and Methods section. Data presented as the mean (+SD) fluorescence of 5 separate incubations for each condition.