Table 3.
Descriptive analyses for Kaohsiung elderly (n = 4,993)
| Variable | Mean (Std Dev) | t-value [F-value] | p-value | Scheffe's |
| Gender+: Female | 9.07(1.63) | 13.02 | < .0001 | |
| Male | 9.60(1.12) | |||
| Education++: Grade School or below (1) | 9.26(1.47) | [60.55] | < .0001 | |
| High School (2) | 9.80(0.76) | |||
| College or above (3) | 9.81(0.89) | |||
| Marital Status+: Married | 9.52(1.18) | -10.13 | < .0001 | |
| Unmarried | 9.04(1.70) | |||
| Perceives positive support+: Yes | 9.46(1.24) | -4.60 | < .0001 | |
| No | 9.23(1.56) | |||
| Lives alone+: | ||||
| Yes | 9.39(1.37) | -0.45 | 0.66 | |
| No | 9.36(1.39) | |||
| Feels lonely+ | ||||
| Strong (1) | 9.49(1.25) | [33.16] | < .0001 | 1>2 |
| Some (2) | 9.32(1.36) | 1>3 | ||
| Little (3) | 8.81(1.95) | 2>3 | ||
| Religion++ | ||||
| Buddhist (1) | 9.32(2.04) | [7.94] | < .0001 | 5>1 |
| Traditional (2) | 9.27(1.35) | 5>2 | ||
| Christian (3) | 9.58(0.95) | |||
| Catholic (4) | 9.49(1.45) | |||
| Other (5) | 9.63(1.02) | |||
| Occupation++ | ||||
| White collar (1) | 9.82(0.66) | [41.59] | < .0001 | 1>4; 1>2 |
| Blue collar (2) | 9.41(1.39) | 1>6; 1>3 | ||
| Farmer (3) | 8.73(1.92) | 4>6; 4>3 | ||
| Prof-Admin (4) | 9.56(1.14) | 5>6; 5>3 | ||
| Retired (5) | 9.55(1.17) | 2>6; 2>3 | ||
| Housewife (6) | 9.10(1.58) | 6>3 | ||
| Reported Health Conditions+ | ||||
| Stroke: Yes | 8.66(2.26) | 4.12 | < .0001 | |
| No | 9.38(1.36) | |||
| Hypertension: Yes | 9.44(1.23) | -3.03 | < .0001 | |
| No | 9.32(1.49) | |||
| Cancer: Yes | 9.82(0.39) | -6.09 | < .0001 | |
| No | 9.36(1.41) | |||
| Diabetes: Yes | 9.37(1.31) | -0.14 | 0.89 | |
| No | 9.36(1.42) | |||
| Heart Disease: Yes | 9.52(1.24) | -2.21 | 0.03 | |
| No | 9.35(1.42) | |||
| Parkinson's: Yes | 8.00(2.56) | 1.84 | 0.09 | |
| No | 9.36(1.40) | |||
| Depression: Yes | 8.17(2.04) | 2.03 | 0.07 | |
| No | 9.36(1.41) | |||
| Vision problem: Yes | 9.10(1.79) | 2.62 | 0.01 | |
| No | 9.38(1.38) | |||
| Hearing problem: Yes | 9.55(1.41) | -1.26 | 0.21 | |
| No | 9.36(1.06) | |||
| Dental problem: Yes | 9.35(1.49) | 0.07 | 0.94 | |
| No | 9.36(1.41) | |||
| ADL+++ | -0.27 | < .0001 | ||
| IADL+++ | -0.38 | < .0001 | ||
| Age+++ | -0.20 | < .0001 |
1. Higher ADL or IADL scores indicate more functional dependence. 2. +t-statistic used to compare mean SPMSQ scores in 2 groups defined by dichotomous covariates. 3. ++ANOVA used to test the differences in variance of SPMSQ scores among multiple groups. 4. +++Correlation analysis was used. 5. Statistical significance is being assessed at the 0.05 levels.