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. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3171–3176. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3171

Table 2.

Average valence and multipole populations for the atoms of the polypeptide main chain

Atom Local O-x axis ∖y Valence population Dipoles Quadruples Octupoles
Cα Cα-C Pval Oxz2 Oyz2 Ox3 Oz3
∖N 4.04 (7) −0.177 (16) −0.276 (25) 0.269 (32) 0.069 (12)
3.96 (4) −0.092 (11) −0.246 (11) 0.184 (10) 0.049 (10)
C C-O Dx Qz2 Qx2-y2 Ox3
∖N 3.98 (4) 0.106 (10) −0.308 (15) 0.107 (14) 0.424 (19)
4.32 (4) 0.068 (9) −0.268 (11) 0.093 (10) 0.342 (11)
O O-C Dx Qz2 Qx2-y2
∖N 6.29 (2) −0.076 (10) −0.074 (7) −0.073(7)
5.96 (3) Fixed Fixed Fixed
N N-C Dy Qz2 Ox3
∖Cα 5.31 (3) −0.077 (12) −0.0522 (13) 0.271 (9)
4.95 (4) −0.011 (10) 0.030 (10) 0.150 (8)
HN HN-N Dx
∖C 0.61 (3) 0.177 (16)
0.88 (2) 0.229 (12)
Hα Hα-Cα Dx
∖N 0.77 (2) 0.151 (11)
0.89 (2) 0.194 (11)

The upper value is the average charge density parameter in the database, with the SD in the sample given in parenthesis. The lower value and its uncertainty is obtained from the crambin multipole refinement. In the local axis system of an atom, the Ox direction is defined by the first two atoms, and the Oxy plane is defined by the third atom.