Effects of varied concentrations of ouabain and ouabain derivatives on PNPPase activity. Purified Na+,K+-ATPase was incubated at 20 μg/ml with varied concentrations of ouabain, AO, FO, and NBDO for 30 min at room temperature, and the PNPPase activity was measured as described in Methods. The data were fitted to a sigmoidal dose-response curve by using prizm 2.01 (GraphPad, San Diego). The fitted parameters and symbols are: ○ = ouabain, EC50 = 6.4 nM; ● = AO, EC50 = 64 nM; □ = NBDO, EC50 = 210 nM; ■ = FO, EC50 = 860 nM.