Table 1.
Selected characteristics of male applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study categorized by dicamba exposure, 1993–2001 [no. (%)].
| Characteristic | Unexposed (n = 19,933) | Low-exposeda (n = 6,116) | High-exposedb (n = 15,920) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| < 40 | 7,325 (36.7) | 2,059 (33.7) | 5,190 (32.6) |
| 40–49 | 5,234 (26.3) | 1,838 (30.0) | 5,269 (33.1) |
| 50–59 | 3,855 (19.3) | 1,235 (20.2) | 3,349 (21.0) |
| ≥ 60 | 3,519 (17.7) | 984 (16.1) | 2,112 (13.3) |
| Race | |||
| White | 19,362 (97.1) | 6,094 (99.6) | 15,850 (99.6) |
| Nonwhite | 571 (2.9) | 22 (0.4) | 70 (0.4) |
| State | |||
| Iowa | 9,911 (49.7) | 5,350 (87.5) | 14,693 (92.3) |
| North Carolina | 10,022 (50.3) | 766 (12.5) | 1,227 (7.7) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 10,359 (52.0) | 3,736 (61.2) | 9,153 (57.5) |
| Former | 4,710 (23.6) | 1,378 (22.5) | 3,716 (23.3) |
| Current | 4,864 (24.4) | 1,002 (16.4) | 3,051 (19.2) |
| Education | |||
| ≤ High School | 11,005 (55.2) | 3,042 (49.7) | 8,175 (51.3) |
| > High School | 8,490 (46.2) | 2,983 (48.8) | 7,541 (47.4) |
| Missing | 438 (2.2) | 91 (1.5) | 204 (1.3) |
| Alcohol consumptionc | |||
| No | 7,518 (37.7) | 1,521 (24.9) | 3,093 (19.4) |
| Yes | 12,415 (62.3) | 4,595 (75.1) | 12,827 (80.6) |
| Family history, cancer | |||
| No | 12,332 (61.9) | 3,510 (57.4) | 9,201 (57.8) |
| Yes | 7,601 (38.1) | 2,606 (42.6) | 6,719 (42.2) |
| Applicator type | |||
| Private | 11,822 (59.3) | 5,277 (86.3) | 13,679 (85.9) |
| Commercial | 8,111 (40.7) | 839 (13.7) | 2,241 (14.1) |
| Own or work on farmc | |||
| Never | 2251 (11.3) | 275 (4.5) | 1,281 (8.0) |
| Ever | 17,568 (88.1) | 5834 (95.4) | 1,4615 (91.8) |
| Missing | 114 (0.6) | 7 (0.1) | 24 (0.2) |
| Field corn production | |||
| No | 8,111 (40.7) | 839 (13.7) | 2,241 (14.1) |
| Yes | 11,822 (59.3) | 5,277 (86.3) | 13,679 (85.9) |
| Soybean production | |||
| No | 8,403 (42.2) | 1,324 (21.6) | 3,155 (19.8) |
| Yes | 11,530 (57.8) | 4,792 (78.4) | 12,765 (80.2) |
| Person-years (total) | 148,314.7 | 44,557.4 | 115,806.4 |
| Follow-up (years)d | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 1.4 |
| Total lifetime days of pesticide applicationd | 345.0 ± 617.2 | 278.0 ± 434.9 | 472.9 ± 615.6 |
a
First tertile of lifetime exposure-days (years of use × days per year).
b
Second and third tertiles of lifetime exposure days.
c
During enrollment year.
d
Mean ± SD.