Table 2.

Rate ratios and 95% CI for selected cancers by tertiles of total dicamba lifetime exposure days among male pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.^a

		Dicamba exposure
		No exposure—referent		Low exposed—referent
Cancer site	Cases (n)	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
All cancers
No exposure	887	1.00
1 to < 20	227	0.90	0.77–1.05	1.00
20 to < 56	254	1.00	0.82–1.11	1.07	0.89–1.28
56 to < 116	169	0.90	0.73–1.03	0.97	0.79–1.19
≥ 116	157	1.02	0.85–1.23	1.18	0.94–1.46
			p = 0.69		p = 0.18
Colon
No exposure	76	1.00
1 to < 20	9	0.42	0.20–0.85	1.00
20 to < 56	20	0.88	0.52–1.50	2.07	0.94–4.57
56 to < 116	13	0.81	0.43–1.51	1.85	0.79–4.37
≥ 116	17	1.42	0.78–2.58	3.29	1.40–7.73
			p = 0.10		p = 0.02
Lung
No exposure	95	1.00
1 to < 20	14	0.84	0.45–1.54	1.00
20 to < 56	11	0.64	0.33–1.26	0.82	0.36–1.85
56 to < 116	12	0.96	0.50–1.85	1.29	0.58–2.89
≥ 116	15	1.47	0.79–2.72	2.16	0.97–4.82
			p = 0.13		p = 0.02
Prostate
No exposure	343	1.00
1 to < 20	106	1.00	0.80–1.27	1.00
20 to < 56	102	0.94	0.74–1.20	0.94	0.72–1.24
56 to < 116	76	0.96	0.73–1.25	0.95	0.71–1.29
≥ 116	67	1.08	0.81–1.46	1.10	0.79–1.53
			p = 0.45		p = 0.45
Bladder
No exposure	43	1.00
1 to < 20	6	0.51	0.21–1.25	1.00
20 to < 56	9	0.66	0.31–1.43	1.26	0.44–3.55
56 to < 116	6	0.59	0.24–1.45	1.11	0.36–3.47
≥ 116	8	0.82	0.36–1.88	1.39	0.44–4.42
			p = 0.66		p = 0.66
Melanoma
No exposure	32	1.00
1 to < 20	10	0.97	0.46–2.06	1.00
20 to < 56	18	1.59	0.84–3.00	1.65	0.76–3.60
56 to < 116	6	0.72	0.29–1.81	0.75	0.27–2.07
≥ 116	6	0.83	0.33–2.13	0.93	0.32–2.71
			p = 0.51		p = 0.48
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
No exposure	39	1.00
1 to < 20	18	1.75	0.96–3.21	1.00
20 to < 56	14	1.29	0.66–2.53	0.73	0.36–1.48
56 to < 116	7	0.92	0.39–2.16	0.54	0.22–1.31
≥ 116	7	1.19	0.50–2.85	0.76	0.30–1.97
			p = 0.92		p = 0.71
All hematopoieticb
No exposure	82	1.00
1 to < 20	31	1.38	0.89–2.15	1.00
20 to < 56	32	1.37	0.87–2.14	0.97	0.59–1.59
56 to < 116	16	0.96	0.54–1.70	0.69	0.37–1.26
≥ 116	17	1.31	0.74–2.31	0.99	0.53–1.87
			p = 0.66		p = 0.99

^aAdjusted for age, state of residence, smoking (pack-years), education, family history of cancer, and total lifetime days of pesticide application; upper tertile divided at the median.

^bIncludes leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.