Table 2.
Dicamba exposure
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No exposure—referent
|
Low exposed—referent
|
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Cancer site | Cases (n) | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI |
All cancers | |||||
No exposure | 887 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 227 | 0.90 | 0.77–1.05 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 254 | 1.00 | 0.82–1.11 | 1.07 | 0.89–1.28 |
56 to < 116 | 169 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.03 | 0.97 | 0.79–1.19 |
≥ 116 | 157 | 1.02 | 0.85–1.23 | 1.18 | 0.94–1.46 |
p = 0.69 | p = 0.18 | ||||
Colon | |||||
No exposure | 76 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 9 | 0.42 | 0.20–0.85 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 20 | 0.88 | 0.52–1.50 | 2.07 | 0.94–4.57 |
56 to < 116 | 13 | 0.81 | 0.43–1.51 | 1.85 | 0.79–4.37 |
≥ 116 | 17 | 1.42 | 0.78–2.58 | 3.29 | 1.40–7.73 |
p = 0.10 | p = 0.02 | ||||
Lung | |||||
No exposure | 95 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 14 | 0.84 | 0.45–1.54 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 11 | 0.64 | 0.33–1.26 | 0.82 | 0.36–1.85 |
56 to < 116 | 12 | 0.96 | 0.50–1.85 | 1.29 | 0.58–2.89 |
≥ 116 | 15 | 1.47 | 0.79–2.72 | 2.16 | 0.97–4.82 |
p = 0.13 | p = 0.02 | ||||
Prostate | |||||
No exposure | 343 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 106 | 1.00 | 0.80–1.27 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 102 | 0.94 | 0.74–1.20 | 0.94 | 0.72–1.24 |
56 to < 116 | 76 | 0.96 | 0.73–1.25 | 0.95 | 0.71–1.29 |
≥ 116 | 67 | 1.08 | 0.81–1.46 | 1.10 | 0.79–1.53 |
p = 0.45 | p = 0.45 | ||||
Bladder | |||||
No exposure | 43 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 6 | 0.51 | 0.21–1.25 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 9 | 0.66 | 0.31–1.43 | 1.26 | 0.44–3.55 |
56 to < 116 | 6 | 0.59 | 0.24–1.45 | 1.11 | 0.36–3.47 |
≥ 116 | 8 | 0.82 | 0.36–1.88 | 1.39 | 0.44–4.42 |
p = 0.66 | p = 0.66 | ||||
Melanoma | |||||
No exposure | 32 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 10 | 0.97 | 0.46–2.06 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 18 | 1.59 | 0.84–3.00 | 1.65 | 0.76–3.60 |
56 to < 116 | 6 | 0.72 | 0.29–1.81 | 0.75 | 0.27–2.07 |
≥ 116 | 6 | 0.83 | 0.33–2.13 | 0.93 | 0.32–2.71 |
p = 0.51 | p = 0.48 | ||||
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||||
No exposure | 39 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 18 | 1.75 | 0.96–3.21 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 14 | 1.29 | 0.66–2.53 | 0.73 | 0.36–1.48 |
56 to < 116 | 7 | 0.92 | 0.39–2.16 | 0.54 | 0.22–1.31 |
≥ 116 | 7 | 1.19 | 0.50–2.85 | 0.76 | 0.30–1.97 |
p = 0.92 | p = 0.71 | ||||
All hematopoieticb | |||||
No exposure | 82 | 1.00 | |||
1 to < 20 | 31 | 1.38 | 0.89–2.15 | 1.00 | |
20 to < 56 | 32 | 1.37 | 0.87–2.14 | 0.97 | 0.59–1.59 |
56 to < 116 | 16 | 0.96 | 0.54–1.70 | 0.69 | 0.37–1.26 |
≥ 116 | 17 | 1.31 | 0.74–2.31 | 0.99 | 0.53–1.87 |
p = 0.66 | p = 0.99 |
Adjusted for age, state of residence, smoking (pack-years), education, family history of cancer, and total lifetime days of pesticide application; upper tertile divided at the median.
Includes leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.