Table 3.
The association between HIV-1 with genital symptoms, clinical signs and sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in Moshi Tanzania.
| Predictor | N | (%) | % HIV positive | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Treatment for STI symptoms in past 12 months¶ | ||||||
| No | 1969 | (74.2) | 5.9 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 685 | (25.8) | 9.8 | 1.72 | 1.25 – 2.35 | 0.001 |
| Report abnormal vaginal discharge or itch at interview | ||||||
| No | 2200 | (82.9) | 6.1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 454 | (17.1) | 10.8 | 1.85 | 1.31 – 2.61 | <0.001 |
| Genital ulcer on examination* | ||||||
| No | 2514 | (94.7) | 7.0 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 41 | (1.5) | 19.5 | 3.24 | 1.47 – 7.12 | 0.003 |
| Bacterial vaginosis* | ||||||
| No | 2022 | (76.2) | 5.7 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 533 | (20.1) | 12.8 | 2.43 | 1.77 – 3.33 | <0.001 |
| Trichomoniasis* | ||||||
| No | 2428 | (91.5) | 7.0 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 127 | (4.8) | 10.2 | 1.52 | 0.84 – 2.75 | 0.171 |
| Candidiasis* | ||||||
| No | 2264 | (85.3) | 6.9 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 291 | (11.0) | 8.9 | 1.32 | 0.85 – 2.03 | 0.214 |
| Gonococcal infection (GND)* | ||||||
| No | 2542 | (95.8) | 7.1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 13 | (0.5) | 23.1 | 3.94 | 1.07 – 14.43 | 0.04 |
| Active syphilis | ||||||
| No | 2631 | (99.1) | 6.8 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 23 | (0.9) | 26.1 | 4.86 | 1.89 – 12.49 | 0.001 |
| Herpes simplex virus type 2 † | ||||||
| No | 844 | (31.8) | 12.3 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 427 | (16.1) | 18.5 | 1.62 | 1.17 – 2.22 | 0.003 |
GND = Intracellular gram-negative diplococci on cervical smear.
¶ Vaginal discharge, genital itch, genital ulcer, dysuria, dyspareunia.
*Missing values because 99 women were not examined and/or samples not provided.
† Test done on 1271 women only