Effects of select antiretroviral agents on NERT and HIV-1 infectivity in human primary cells. (a) Infectivity of HIV-1 virions pretreated with select antiretroviral agents. One nanogram of HIV-1NL4-3 p24 antigen was serially diluted from pretreated virion preparations and used to infect initially quiescent PBLs. Viral infectious titer was assessed via HIV-1 p24 antigen expression (ELISA) at day 28 post-infection. The figure is representative of at least two independent studies. (b) Infectivity of HIV-1 virions pretreated with select antiretroviral agents with or without the NERT-stimulating cocktail. Ten ng of HIV-1NL4-3 p24 antigen equivalents from virion preparations, pretreated (or nontreated) with various concentrations of select antiretroviral agents in the presence or absence of the NERT-stimulating cocktail, were used to infect human PBL cultures. Viral production was assessed via HIV-1 p24 antigen expression (ELISA) by day 12 post-infection. The figure is representative of two independent studies. NL4-3: cells infected with untreated viral preparation only; Nev: nevirapine; NERT: NERT-stimulating cocktail (100 nM dNTPs, 3 mM spermine and 0.1 mM spermidine). (c) Ten nanograms of HIV-1ADA p24 antigen equivalents from virion preparations, pretreated (or nontreated) with various concentrations of select antiretroviral agents in the presence or absence of the NERT-stimulating cocktail, were used to infect human monocyte/macrophage cultures. Viral production was assessed via HIV-1 p24 antigen expression (ELISA) by day 5 post-infection. The figure is representative of two independent studies. ADA: cells infected with untreated HIV-1 only; Nev: nevirapine, NERT: NERT-stimulating cocktail (100 nM dNTPs, 3 mM spermine and 0.1 mM spermidine).