Table 1.

Results from GLM analysis on factors affecting offspring measurements in first broods of females raised in different experimental brood sizes. (The Table shows F-values and significance values *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; n.s. is given for variables that were not significant in the initial analysis and thus dropped for the final model; degrees of freedom were calculated by the Satterthwaite method (Littell et al. 1996) to correct for the random factor of brood.)

	body mass	tarsus length	wing length
day 1
mother's brood size	0.52,19.2	not measured	not measured
female tarsus length	6.011,17*
day 15 (shortly before fledging)
mother's brood size	0.092,17.9	1.132,17.8	0.982,15
sex	n.s.	1.381,41.7	n.s.
mother's brood size×sex	n.s.	3.972,41*	n.s.
day 40 (independence)
mother's brood size	0.832,15	8.562,14.4**	1.282,14.3
sex	n.s.	0.631,45	4.701,41.3*
mother's brood size×sex	n.s.	7.732,44.6**	10.532,40.2***