Effect of HlyA on membrane specific capacitance and surface tension. Membrane specific capacitance (A) and surface tension (B) were measured as described in Methods. Each bar represents mean ± SD of 27–36 measurements. Differences in BLM specific capacitance are statistically significant (Student's t-test, p < 0.01). Membranes were formed from DOPC, DOPE, or DOPC/LPC 1% in 0.1 M NaCl, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.25 at 28 ± 1°C.