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GAs in pea shoots and roots are synthesized via the early 13-hydroxylation pathway. GA12 is 13-hydroxylated to GA53; C20 is sequentially oxidized by a GA 20-oxidase from GA53 to GA44, to GA19, and finally to GA20. GA20 is then oxidized by a 3β-hydroxylase to GA1 (a growth-active GA). GA20 and GA1 can each be oxidized by a 2β-hydroxylase to GA29 and GA8, respectively, the latter conversion inactivating GA1.
