Figure 7.

The effect of Al concentration (A) and time after Al addition of 100 μm Al (B) on malate efflux from transgenic tobacco cells expressing BnALMT1, BnALMT2, or transformed with the empty vector (pBI121). The transgenic cells were cultured in Ca-Suc medium, pH 4.5, containing 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 μm AlCl₃, at a cell density of 100 mg fresh weight 10 mL⁻¹ for 18 h. The cells were cultured on a rotary shaker (110 rpm) in the dark condition at 25°C. Malate efflux was determined from the 10 mL culture as described in the “Materials and Methods.” Bars represent means ± se of three replicates and at least two independent experiments.