Supplementary Figure 1.

A, Photograph of E. coli cells from left to right: 1. BL21(DE3) cells that neither contained plasmids bearing subunit genes nor were treated with IPTG, 2. Control cells that were not induced for expression of apo-beta subunit of R-PE, 3. Cells that were induced for expression of apo-beta subunit of R-PE, 4. Control cells that were not induced for expression of apo-alpha subunit of R-PE, and 5. Cells that were induced for expression of apo-alpha subunit of R-PE; B, Photograph of holo-alpha subunit solution isolated in the denaturing buffer (right) compared to the pure denaturing buffer (left). Pink color of holo-subunits in cells and after isolation in denaturing buffer can be seen.