Difference in escape delay (s) between the targeted redshank and its nearest neighbour. Analysis done on best transformed data (log delay+0.08); this deviated from normality (Shapiro–Wilk=0.925, d.f.=36, p=0.017), but non-parametric test on transformed data confirmed difference between targeted and nearest neighbour (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Z=−2.157, p=0.031). n=18 for both treatments.