Table 3.

GLM of relative antler size on relative testes size, FS sperm velocity, kidney fat index and population of red deer stags.

(Full model: r²=0.24; F_9,49=1.74; p>0.1. Reduced model: r²=0.25; F_2,68=11.5; p<0.0001.)

dependent variable	independent variable	d.f.	MS	F	p
(a) full model
relative antler size	relative testes size	1	5.689	5.453	0.0236
	sperm velocity	1	5.085	4.875	0.0319
	kidney fat index	1	0.133	0.128	0.7217
	population	6	0.528	0.506	0.8002
	residual	49	1.043
(b) reduced model
relative antler size	relative testes size	1	13.139	13.600	0.0004
	sperm velocity	1	6.947	7.192	0.0091
	residual	68	0.966