Figure 3.

Frequency of abnormal sperm (%) in barn swallows from Ukraine in relation to radiation and liver antioxidants in adult males. The regressions were significant when radiation level was log-transformed ((a) radiation (mRh⁻¹); F=34.07, d.f.=1,34, r²=0.50, p < 0.0001, slope (s.e.)=0.21 (0.04); (b) retinol (μgg⁻¹): F=35.98, d.f.=1,34, r²=0.51, p < 0.0001, slope (s.e.)=−0.005 (0.001); (c) α-tocopherol (μgg⁻¹): F=71.86, d.f.=1,34, r²=0.68, p < 0.0001, slope (s.e.)=−0.014 (0.002); (d) carotenoids (μgg⁻¹): F=29.43, d.f.=1,34, r²=0.46, p < 0.0001, slope (s.e.)=−0.03 (0.01), respectively). Similar results were found for antioxidants in blood (linear regressions with radiation level log-transformed: retinol (μgg⁻¹): F=12.48, d.f.=1,26, r²=0.32, p=0.002, slope (s.e.)=−0.74 (0.21); (c) α-tocopherol (μgg⁻¹): F=11.33, d.f.=1,26, r²=0.25, p=0.006, slope (s.e.)=−0.07 (0.02); (d) carotenoids (μgg⁻¹): F=8.78, d.f.=1,26, r²=0.30, p=0.002, slope (s.e.)=−1.55 (0.46), respectively).