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Unkiss and kissing transitions monitored at constant forces. (Upper) In a typical force-jump experiment, force was first quickly stepped from 3 to 22 pN. (Lower) When a triple transition occurred, extension of the molecule increased by ≈30 nm. The force was then raised to 30 pN before being ramped to 14 pN. Next, the force was dropped rapidly to 8 pN. (Inset) The kissing shortens the extension by ≈7–8 nm. The detect position reflects the change in the molecular extension.
