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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Learn Mem. 2006;13(5):522–529. doi: 10.1101/lm.310306

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Rats were given inhibitory avoidance training and tested for retention 24 h (T1) and 48 h (T2) after training. Long latencies to respond at retention signify good memory of the training, and short latencies signify poor memory. Rats given strong footshock (strong FS) remembered well at both retention tests, and rats given electroconvulsive shock immediately after strong footshock (strong FS-ECS) were amnesic. A non-contingent footshock given in a different apparatus 1 h after T1 (FSECS+NCFS) markedly improved retention at T2. Importantly, other animals performed about as poorly as the amnesic animals at T1 and T2 by virtue of receiving only a weak footshock at training (weak FS). These animals also markedly improved their retention score at T2 when a non-contingent footshock was given after T1 (weak FS-NCFS). (Adapted from Gold et al. 1973).