Growth and physiological variation of 32 Microcystis aeruginosa strains from 12 Michigan lakes. (A) Maximum population growth rates for 32 M. aeruginosa strains. (B) Colony surface areas for the 19 of 32 M. aeruginosa clones that formed colonies throughout the experiment. The results in panel B exclude one outlier (studentized residual = −3.5; including outlier, P = 0.070). (C) Relationship between maximum population growth and colony surface area. Filled circles, toxic strains of M. aeruginosa (strains that contain the toxin gene [mcyA] and/or have been shown to produce microcystins). Empty squares, nontoxic strains of M. aeruginosa that lack the mcyA gene and do not produce microcystins. Error bars, ± 1 standard error; n, number of strains included in analysis.