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Evidence for turbulence in CS and CE geometry. Shown are images of the flow at various Re in the two geometries. Re = 12 (A), 50 (B), 70 (C), 150 (D), or 370 (E). Flow is laminar in A and D and unstable in B, C, and E. The arrows (in white) indicate the direction of fluid flow. The CS is 500 μm in width and 7 mm in depth. The CE geometry has identical dimensions as CS with a tapered entrance/exit semi-angle of 7.5°.
