Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and betel quid chewing behaviors (N = 7144)
| Betel quid chewers (N = 3291) | Never chewers (N = 3853) | ORb (95% CI) | aORc (95% CI) | |||
| N | (%)a | N | (%)a | |||
| Gender* | ||||||
| Male | 2033 | (53.2) | 1791 | (46.8) | 1.86 (1.69–2.05) † | 1.14 (1.01–1.30) † |
| Female | 1258 | (37.9) | 2062 | (62.1) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Age (years)* | ||||||
| >=45 | 1582 | (48.0) | 1716 | (52.0) | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) † | 0.84(0.72–0.97) † |
| <45 | 1709 | (44.4) | 2137 | (55.6) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Obesity* | ||||||
| Yes | 800 | (55.8) | 633 | (44.2) | 1.63 (1.45–1.84) † | 1.61 (1.40–1.85) † |
| No | 2491 | (43.6) | 3220 | (56.4) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Education (years)* | ||||||
| <=6 | 1709 | (52.8) | 1531 | (47.3) | 1.64 (1.49–1.80) † | 2.02 (1.75–2.34) † |
| >6 | 1582 | (40.5) | 2322 | (59.5) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Marital status* | ||||||
| Married | 2661 | (49.1) | 2762 | (50.9) | 1.69 (1.51–1.89) † | 1.51 (1.30–1.75) † |
| Single | 602 | (36.3) | 1057 | (63.7) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Ethnicity* | ||||||
| Taiwan aborigines | 3018 | (49.7) | 3059 | (50.3) | 5.30 (4.28–6.56) † | 3.83 (3.01–4.89) † |
| Mixed-Taiwan aborigines | 128 | (43.1) | 169 | (56.9) | 4.07 (2.98–5.54) † | 3.01 (2.09–4.34) † |
| Non-Taiwan aborigines | 106 | (15.7) | 569 | (84.3) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Alcohol consumption* | ||||||
| Yes | 2480 | (66.9) | 1225 | (33.1) | 7.05 (6.33–7.84) † | 4.50 (4.00–5.07) † |
| No | 731 | (22.3) | 2545 | (77.7) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Cigarette smoking* | ||||||
| Yes | 1821 | (66.8) | 906 | (33.2) | 4.28 (3.86–4.74) † | 3.03 (2.66–3.45) † |
| No | 1363 | (32.0) | 2899 | (68.0) | 1.00 | 1.0 |
* Significant difference in prevalence of betel quid chewing by Chi-square analysis (p < 0.05).
† Significant difference by logistic regression model (p < 0.05).
a May not total 100% due to rounding.
b Odds ratios (OR) refer to risk of betel quid chewers (including former chewers and current chewers) versus never chewers according to each variable. OR > 1 indicates a higher likelihood of being a betel quid chewer.
c aOR: adjusted odds ratio for sex, age (years), obesity, education (years), marital status, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking by logistic regression model; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.