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. 2006 Oct 2;26(23):9094–9104. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01221-06

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Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology

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FIG. 3. — Male, but not female, Camkk1 null mutants displayed impaired contextual and cued fear memory formation. (A) Male, but not female, Camkk1 null mutant mice exhibited impaired contextual fear memory formation when tested 24 h after conditioning (eight mice in the male WT group and six mice in the male mutant group; seven mice in both female groups [WT and mutant]). CaMKKα^−/−, Camkk1 null mutant mice. (B) Tone fear memory 3 days after training was impaired in male Camkk1 null mutant mice, but not in female Camkk1 null mutant mice. (C) Activity of Camkk1 null mutants in the fear conditioning chamber without shock presentation (six mice in each group). Females of both genotypes were more active than males, but the Camkk1 null mutants were not hyperactive compared to their WT littermates, indicating that hyperactivity did not account for the impaired contextual freezing in male Camkk1 null mutants. In all three panels, values are means plus standard errors of the means (error bars), and values that are significantly different are indicated by asterisks (, P < 0.05; , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001).

Inline graphic — Male, but not female, Camkk1 null mutants displayed impaired contextual and cued fear memory formation. (A) Male, but not female, Camkk1 null mutant mice exhibited impaired contextual fear memory formation when tested 24 h after conditioning (eight mice in the male WT group and six mice in the male mutant group; seven mice in both female groups [WT and mutant]). CaMKKα^−/−, Camkk1 null mutant mice. (B) Tone fear memory 3 days after training was impaired in male Camkk1 null mutant mice, but not in female Camkk1 null mutant mice. (C) Activity of Camkk1 null mutants in the fear conditioning chamber without shock presentation (six mice in each group). Females of both genotypes were more active than males, but the Camkk1 null mutants were not hyperactive compared to their WT littermates, indicating that hyperactivity did not account for the impaired contextual freezing in male Camkk1 null mutants. In all three panels, values are means plus standard errors of the means (error bars), and values that are significantly different are indicated by asterisks (, P < 0.05; , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001).