Table 3.
Characteristic | SIN = 117 | MIN = 84 | P Valuea |
Demographics | |||
Age, y, mean (SE) | 57.0 (0.9) | 61.3 (1.3) | .007 |
Female, % | 64.2 | 63.1 | .87 |
Years with diagnosed diabetes, mean (SE) | 8.8 (0.8) | 9.2 (0.9) | .77 |
Years of educational achievement, mean (SE) | 12.6 (0.4) | 12.2 (0.5) | .48 |
Currently living with spouse or someone like a spouse, % | 48.5 | 57.9 | .29 |
No. of adults (counting self) ≥18 y living at home, mean (SE) | 2.0 (0.08) | 2.1 (0.06) | .30 |
No. of children <18 y living at home, mean (SE) | 0.5 (0.08) | 0.4 (0.05) | .20 |
Currently employed, % | 48.1 | 45.7 | .74 |
Unemployed (n = 61 [SI]; n = 45 [MI]), % | |||
Retired, % | 83.5 | 79.8 | .63 |
Disabled, % | 54.2 | 54.5 | .97 |
Total annual household income <$30,000 (n = 120), % | 44.5 | 45.0 | .96 |
Health insurance (uninsured),b % | 8.0 | 8.6 | .86 |
Risk factors for coronary disease, % | |||
Current cigarette smoker | 10.1 | 6.7 | .50 |
Currently being treated for high blood pressure | 73.9 | 76.1 | .82 |
Positive family history for coronary heart diseasec | 26.1 | 23.0 | .47 |
Known coronary heart diseased | 18.9 | 18.8 | .98 |
Dietary recall data, mean (SE) | |||
Total calories | 1349 (54.8) | 1220 (61.7) | .12 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 245 (14.1) | 214 (18.1) | .18 |
Macronutrient consumption, % of calories | |||
Carbohydrate | 47.0 (1.3) | 45.4 (1.3) | .40 |
Protein | 16.4 (0.34) | 16.4 (0.40) | .91 |
Total fat | 38.2 (1.1) | 39.5 (0.86) | .37 |
Monounsaturated fat | 14.8 (0.47) | 15.5 (0.42) | .28 |
Polyunsaturated fat | 8.9 (0.27) | 8.8 (0.17) | .77 |
Saturated fat | 11.6 (0.31) | 12.1 (0.28) | .29 |
Trans fat | 2.6 (0.06) | 2.5 (0.10) | .35 |
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, and blood pressure, mean (SE) | |||
HbA1c | 7.7 (0.2) | 7.9 (0.3) | .12 |
Weight, lb | 213 (4.3) | 216 (5.8) | .69 |
Body mass index | 34.6 (0.7) | 35.1 (0.8) | .62 |
Systolic blood pressure | 139 (1.7) | 140 (2.2) | .60 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 75 (0.6) | 76 (1.2) | .37 |
Physical activity,e % | N = 104 | N = 76 | |
No. of hours monitor worn per day | 12.2 (0.2) | 12.5 (0.2) | .29 |
Total days monitor worn | 6.2 (0.1) | 6.5 (0.1) | .034 |
Light activity (<3.0 METs) min/day, median (IQR) | 45.3 (19.8-74.07) | 44.9 (23.6-72.0) | .57 |
Moderate activity (3.0-5.9 METs) min/day, median (IQR) | 5.6 (1.7-11.4) | 3.8 (1.8-10.1) | .91 |
Vigorous activity (6.0-8.9 METs) min/day, median (IQR) | 0 (0.0-0.0) | 0 (0.0-0.0) | .52 |
SI indicates special intervention; MI, minimal intervention; MET, metabolic equivalent; IQR, interquartile range.
All data and comparisons between groups are adjusted for study design (randomization of churches to SI or MI).
Percentages equal greater than 100% because some participants had more than one type of health insurance.
Physician diagnosis of myocardial infarction or angina or history of percutaneous intervention for coronary heart disease or coronary artery bypass surgery.
Myocardial infarction or sudden death of unexplained cause in father or brother before age 55 years or mother or sister before age 65 years.
For minutes of physical activity per day, medians and IQR are crude data; however, P values for these comparisons are adjusted for study design (randomization by church).